The \No Hiring of Smokers Policy - 1650 Words

The \'No Hiring of Smokers' Policy (Essay Sample) Content: The "No Hiring of Smokers" PolicyStudents Name:Instructor:Date of Submission:Table of ContentTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Smoking and the Work Place PAGEREF _Toc382856661 \h 3Support for this Policy PAGEREF _Toc382856662 \h 3Harmful Effects Of Smoking PAGEREF _Toc382856663 \h 4Increased Worker Productivity PAGEREF _Toc382856664 \h 4Higher Insurance Costs PAGEREF _Toc382856665 \h 4Opponents Against The Policy PAGEREF _Toc382856666 \h 5Smokers Need Assistance Not Discrimination PAGEREF _Toc382856667 \h 5Not Hiring Smokers Amounts To Discrimination PAGEREF _Toc382856668 \h 5Not Hiring Smokers For Inflating Healthcare Costs Is A Too Simplistic Reason PAGEREF _Toc382856669 \h 6Not Hiring Smokers Worsens The Smokers Standard Of Living PAGEREF _Toc382856670 \h 6It Sets A Bad Precedent To Future Employment Practices PAGEREF _Toc382856671 \h 7Smoking And Reduces Productivity Has No Research Backing PAGEREF _Toc382856672 \h 7Works Cited PAGEREF _Toc382856673 \h 8The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"No Hiring of Smokersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ PolicyJust 20 years ago, Americans- smokers and non-smokers alike- tolerated smoking as a socially acceptable privilege. What was social and legally acceptable with regards to smoking has changed dramatically over the years. The initial changes were gradual. In the late 1970s and 1980s, non smokers began to assert a right to a smoke-free environment- first in elevators, then in restaurants and public places, and finally in the work place (Franze, 1999, pp.28). Today, employers are faced with the task of balancing the personal freedom and privacy interests of smokers with the health and comfort concerns of non-smokers.This paper is going to highlight the whys and wherefores which have been put forward by proponents of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"no hiring of smokersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ policy and also give the objections that have been presented by opponents of this policy. It will finally conclude by proposing what should be the ideal policy to be adopted when hiring of a new employee.Smoking and the Work PlaceIn recent years, there has been a lot of debate about companies that have taken their smoke-free work place policies to the limit by turning them into smoke-free workforce policies. Companies now have refused to hire anyone who admits to being a smoker on a job application or in pre-hiring interviews (Repa, 2010, pp. 232). These companies refuse to hire- or threaten to fire (Bray, 2012, pp. 367). Employers have taken this step because of the apparent potential higher costs of healthcare insurance, absenteeism, unemployment insurance, and workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ compensation associated with employees who smoke. According to Richard (1991, pp.354) it has been estimated that approximately 6,000 American companies refuse to employ smokers, whether they smoke on job or not.Support for this PolicyAdvocates of this policy have put forward different rationalization for their support of this policy, some of which are deemed as truly valid, while some can b e thought of as dwelling on simplicities (England, 2012, pp.167).Harmful Effects of SmokingIn support of this policy, proponents have maintained that such policies send a strong message to employees and the wider community that smoking is harmful and therefore in the long discourages continued smoking or new cases of smoking. They also state that the policy gives the employee an incentive to quit smoking and that in the long run, it will save the employer money especially in the form of reduced health insurance (Shilling, 2013, pp.91). Proponents also claim that the policy will please and appeal to workers who are put off by the smell of cigarette smoke.Increased Worker ProductivityThis position has also been strengthened by research, whereby, according to Chapman (2008, pp.169), employees who smoke cost on average $3,396 more per year than non-smokers in the form of lost productivity, increased absenteeism, increased insurance costs and other related costs. For that reason, there exists an economic justification to target smokers.Higher Insurance CostsTo discourage smoking, employers have come up with various work policies. Some employers offer incentive programs to encourage employees to quit smoking such as paying for smoking cessation classes or offering a bonus (Repa, 2010, pp.232), others are imposing penalties on those who smoke by charging more for health care insurance, while others refused to hire smokers altogether by requiring nicotine testing as part of the pre-employment drug test (Shilling, 2013, pp.91).Opponents against the policyMost employers have taken this step of only hiring non-smokers and discouraging their current employees from smoking. However, this is a wrong approach for employers to be taking. Policies like these carry risks which may far outweigh the possible rewards (Bray, 2012, pp.367). Opposition and Disapproval for this policy has come heavily and strongly against such policies. This objection has been backed by the followin g reasons:Smokers need assistance not discriminationFirstly, according to Bray ( 2012, pp.368) to most people, smoking as a habit is an addiction and smokers need assistance in breaking their addiction. Therefore, they should not be excluded from the work place for as long as they are competent to do all that entails their job description. Not hiring smokers is not going to help smokers end their addiction. Addiction to nicotine has been recognized as a disability under human rights legislation. Therefore, it would be inappropriate and indecorous for an employer to probe a prospective employee about his or her smoking habits additionally, at any given time, 23%-75% of smokers want to quit smoking, and they need assistance and help to overcome it and not to be penalized. Franze (1999, pp.29) adds that targeting smokers at the workplace by refusing to hire them or consenting to them to smoke in the course of their working hours presents a number of human rights concerns.Not hiring smo kers amounts to discriminationSecondly, discrimination in any way is wrong and such policies at the work place are tantamount to Lifestyle discrimination. Repa (2010, pp.232) states that discrimination laws are designed to keep an employer from making employment-related decisions that disadvantage employers based on the categories that the state or local government find worthy of protection. It is illegal to discriminate when hiring, creating or applying policies, training, promoting, firing or laying off employees, or in any other terms and conditions of employment. It is not acceptable or ethical that a potential candidate for a position is ineligible because they smoke. The candidate may have excellent academic qualifications, a warm personality, a hard-working manner and people skills. These traits are more useful at the work place than a perception that as a smoker one will be a negative asset to the company.Not Hiring Smokers for Inflating Healthcare Costs is a too Simplistic ReasonThirdly, the decision to do away with smokers for the reason that they are responsible for inflating costs related to health care is too simplistic (England, 2012, pp.168). There exist other diseases and many healthy behaviors that also result in additional health care costs. For example, cancer and employees who engage in risky sports which may result to accidents or experience trauma routinely and burden the company with additional costs.Not Hiring Smokers Worsens th...

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1874 Words

â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood and sorry I could not travel both.† This is the first line of the opening stanza of Robert Frost’s poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken.† The traveler in this story has been walking down a path and come to two diverging roads. Thus, creating a situation in which the traveler must make a decision. This poem is often misinterpreted by readers and critics. The poem is entertaining, but it is not as deep and profound as many people believe. I interpret the poem as a reflection of the uncertainties of life, but in a humorous way. Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874. He was named after the famous Confederate general, Robert E. Lee. Robert Lee Frost lived in San Francisco until he was eleven. At the age of eleven, his father died of tuberculosis, and Frost moved in with his paternal grandparents. Shortly after his father’s death, his family relocated to Lawrence, Massachusetts. Frost attended school at Lawrence High School and graduated in 1892. He graduated as class poet and shared co-valedictorian honors with his current girlfriend and future wife, Elinor White. After high school, he attended Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. It was there that he got a job as a newspaper reporter. Frost was recognized for his literary talent in 1894 when he published his first poem, â€Å"My Butterfly† which earned him $15. After this poem was published in New York Independent, he made a copy to show his fiancà ©e Elinor. Her reactionShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robert’s popularity was gained throughout Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frost’s Poem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poetRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words   |  3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† deals with about mak ing choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, one of America’s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in today’s society. After being honoured on numerous occasions, he became one of America’s most popular public figures. Frosts’ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculosis at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Robert Frost, 1916. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words   |  5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself â€Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a person’s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devices. The title of this poem canRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost968 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the â€Å"roads† and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we makeRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of life—not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (931). His poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and consid er how these elements work together to fit the author’s purpose and clarification

It Management It Career Development Essay - 2187 Words

IT MANAGEMENT – IT CAREER DEVELOPMENT ITEC7.450 ASSESSMENT 1 PROJECT OWNERS: NAN LI JAYSON LAVITAG DATE: 15 MAY 2015 Contents Part 1: INTRODUCTION 3 Topic 3 Self-introduction | Nan Li 3 Self-introduction | Jayson Lavitag 3 Desired IT career pathway 3 Part 2: BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE TOPIC 4 Description of the topic 4 IT Management within an organization 4 Career development within Business or IT 5 Part 3: PROGRESSION AND HISTORY 6 Utilization of IT by organizations 6 Part 4: IT ISSUES AND GROWTH 8 Emerging â€Å"Top IS Issues† for CIO’s 8 How does career development fit into the stages of it growth? 9 Critical success factors 9 Part 5: STRATEGY 10 IT Strategic Plan 10 References 11 PART 1: INTRODUCTION TOPIC IT Career Development SELF-INTRODUCTION | NAN LI I have a bachelor’s degree in Information Technology. I have 2 years of work experience in software development as a programmer in developing car navigation system using C++. 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Training supports and makes possible the development of new skills and knowledge. Offering training for employees at various levels within an organization assist employees develop the necessary skills and proficiency to be successful in their careers as well as prepare for new responsibilitiesRead MoreTraining Needs Assessment, Evaluation, Success, And Organizational Strategy And Effectiveness1035 Words   |  5 PagesAn exploration of the relationships. (Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University. Logan, UT). 2. Appelbaum, S.H., Ayre, H. Shapiro, B.T. (2002). Career management in information technology: A case study. Career Development International, 7(3), 142-158. 3. Arokiasamy, L., Ismail, M., Ahmad, A. Othman, J. (2011). Predictors of academics’ career advancement at Malaysian private universities. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35(6), 589-605. 4. Aryee, S. and Chen, Z.X. 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The emphasis is on organizational culture that influences the way people work, by removing obstacles and increasing motivation, where there is culture of continual improvement and part of everyday life. Training and organizational development empowers individual employees and leaders, and aligns shared

Ethics on abortion Essay Example For Students

Ethics on abortion Essay Abortion from an ethical point of view â€Å" Describe and evaluate any two contrasting theoretical approaches to the moral debate of abortion.† * * * It is widely accepted that the fact of abortion has been a subject of conversation and controversy for many decades. Since the proportion of people who accept abortion as a ‘normal’ procedure is equal to the proportion of those who think of abortion as a ‘crime’, through time a lot of measurements have been taken against abortion but concerning it’s defense as well. Although the fact of abortion has been examined through it’s scientific and religious side, in this assignment we will try and examine abortion from an ethical point of view. The best way for someone to refer to abortion on an ethical basis would probably be through the description and evaluation of the subject based on two of the most known theoretical approaches: those of Kant’s and of Utilitarianism (Act and Rule). Be ginning with the approach of Utilitarianism, we must say that Utilitarianism, is concerned basically with pleasure and with pain. Therefore someone should be concerned with the amounts of pleasure and pain in situations where abortion is permitted as contrasted with the amounts of pleasure and pain where abortion is forbidden. It might be suggested that the main consideration would be the interests of the fetus: not only can its future life be expectedly happy (or at least having a balance of happiness over suffering) it might also be the case that the abortion itself is painful, particularly if it occurs later in the pregnancy. However this focus on the fetus is unwarranted since any suffering involved in the abortion itself can be avoided by simply aborting the pregnancy sooner (before the fetus has even developed the capability of suffering), or with painless techniques. The direct suffering of the fetus can therefore be no argument against abortion generally, only the bad practi ce of it. A more significant consideration exists if we hypothesize that the future life of the fetus involves a probable balance of happiness over suffering for the fetus. This would seem to be a definite point against abortion, though not, a dominant one. The second party that we should consider are the parents and other family, and guardians if the alternative to abortion is adoption. According to some studies, having a baby appears to decrease the happiness in a relationship even in those cases where the pregnancy is desired. But again, this need not be considered too much, it is not a dominant consideration. As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of the act in question turns mainly not on the effects of the act on the agent, nor on the beings directly affected by the act, but on the less direct effects on the community at large. That means that the issue of abortion actually becomes one of the desirability of increasing or decreasin g the population. Given that there must be some population size that can be regarded as the â€Å"perfect† size, if we are allowed to place it this way for a society, it is clear that Utility will ban new births above this amount while below this population size Utility will prescribe reproduction. So the utilitarian, who suggests that the future happiness of the child, combined with the estimated value of the effects on others, is such that Utility opposes abortion, must admit that this would imply that Utility prescribes an increase in population and that this would apply to anyone capable of producing a child. So Utility is generally against abortion only when it is generally for raising the population. In terms of utility, the actual act of abortion is not a particularly significant one. A brief mention must be made of why it is that the relative effects on the community at large are dominant in this issue, and why the other considerations are not. It must be remembered t hat the raising of a child in a modern developed country has a very large cost in financial terms, which is highly significant. It is well known that the amount required to raise one child in .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .postImageUrl , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:hover , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:visited , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:active { border:0!important; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:active , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Practical Applications of Statistics Essay