Saturday, August 22, 2020
How to Write a Tok Essay
How to Write a Tok EssayHow to write a tok essay is an issue that students and college students worry about a lot. It is also one of the most important subjects you need to consider if you are interested in writing as well, so here is some advice for you on how to do it.Perhaps the most important issue when writing a tok essay is coming up with your topic. Make sure it is not going to be too general, and you should not make it too specific either.The next thing to do is to start thinking about what type of TK you want to use. This can be anything from survey questions to a travelogue. You just need to be specific about it so you know what you are dealing with.The most important part of writing a tok essay is to go over it several times before you submit it. Look at it several times to see how you are doing and think about what you can change or improve on. Do this for every topic you decide to use.I would also advise you to look at all the literature on TK, the different types of TK and how it affects the writing process. This will give you ideas on how to come up with good topics for your essay.You can also find some websites online that will help you come up with good topics for your TK essay as well. You can also use them to get suggestions from people who have already written one to see how they wrote it.You will probably want to talk to a few friends or relatives who have written tok essays and get their help with this. Don't be afraid to ask for their help and find out how they did it. Sometimes we can't just accept advice about writing a tok essay without taking it in.In conclusion, how to write a tok essay is not hard to do, but there are a few things you need to remember. As long as you plan your essay well and look at it several times before you actually submit it, you should be fine.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Justification Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
Defense Report - Essay Example It is my expectation and confidence that this report will be valuable in your dynamic and that it will prompt helpful turn of events. Wal-Mart ought to put resources into the African market and make an early passage. This will assist the firm with establishing itself in the market which will encourage its future development methodologies. The African market is developing at an a lot higher rate than most created economies around the globe. It has additionally demonstrated a hunger for retail outlets, as showed by the gigantic development of world class shopping centers. Africa is turning into the following center of business in the worldwide market. Albeit a large portion of the nations in Africa are as yet immature, the pace of monetary development just as the financial potential that these countries have are honorable (Westen, 2014). At the rate at which the African and the worldwide economy are developing, Africa will be the following enormous market in the worldwide economy (Larsen et al, 2010). The BRICS give a decent market and an open door for firms to develop and grow their business, sadly there is high riv alry there and they may not give enough market to worldwide turn of events. Taking a gander at most African urban communities show that there is a blast in the retail division. For example, numerous Cities in the African countries, for example, Nairobi are seeing monstrous developed in the development of retail focuses, for example, shopping centers. Nairobi for example has seen the development of more than ten new shopping centers over the most recent five years. Being a retail association, this is a monstrous open door for Wal-Mart and it should require some investment not to lose to contenders. African economies are developing at an excellent rate. Most African economies, for example, Kenya, Rwanda and Nigeria are developing at a rate that is a lot higher than most European countries. Before long, these countries will give the best chance to multinationals like Wal-Mart. Getting in the market as right on time as conceivable will be an extraordinary preferred position for the firm. Those organizations which will have the option to enter
Friday, May 29, 2020
The \No Hiring of Smokers Policy - 1650 Words
The \'No Hiring of Smokers' Policy (Essay Sample) Content: The "No Hiring of Smokers" PolicyStudents Name:Instructor:Date of Submission:Table of ContentTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Smoking and the Work Place PAGEREF _Toc382856661 \h 3Support for this Policy PAGEREF _Toc382856662 \h 3Harmful Effects Of Smoking PAGEREF _Toc382856663 \h 4Increased Worker Productivity PAGEREF _Toc382856664 \h 4Higher Insurance Costs PAGEREF _Toc382856665 \h 4Opponents Against The Policy PAGEREF _Toc382856666 \h 5Smokers Need Assistance Not Discrimination PAGEREF _Toc382856667 \h 5Not Hiring Smokers Amounts To Discrimination PAGEREF _Toc382856668 \h 5Not Hiring Smokers For Inflating Healthcare Costs Is A Too Simplistic Reason PAGEREF _Toc382856669 \h 6Not Hiring Smokers Worsens The Smokers Standard Of Living PAGEREF _Toc382856670 \h 6It Sets A Bad Precedent To Future Employment Practices PAGEREF _Toc382856671 \h 7Smoking And Reduces Productivity Has No Research Backing PAGEREF _Toc382856672 \h 7Works Cited PAGEREF _Toc382856673 \h 8The à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"No Hiring of Smokersà ¢Ã¢â ¬ PolicyJust 20 years ago, Americans- smokers and non-smokers alike- tolerated smoking as a socially acceptable privilege. What was social and legally acceptable with regards to smoking has changed dramatically over the years. The initial changes were gradual. In the late 1970s and 1980s, non smokers began to assert a right to a smoke-free environment- first in elevators, then in restaurants and public places, and finally in the work place (Franze, 1999, pp.28). Today, employers are faced with the task of balancing the personal freedom and privacy interests of smokers with the health and comfort concerns of non-smokers.This paper is going to highlight the whys and wherefores which have been put forward by proponents of the à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"no hiring of smokersà ¢Ã¢â ¬ policy and also give the objections that have been presented by opponents of this policy. It will finally conclude by proposing what should be the ideal policy to be adopted when hiring of a new employee.Smoking and the Work PlaceIn recent years, there has been a lot of debate about companies that have taken their smoke-free work place policies to the limit by turning them into smoke-free workforce policies. Companies now have refused to hire anyone who admits to being a smoker on a job application or in pre-hiring interviews (Repa, 2010, pp. 232). These companies refuse to hire- or threaten to fire (Bray, 2012, pp. 367). Employers have taken this step because of the apparent potential higher costs of healthcare insurance, absenteeism, unemployment insurance, and workersà ¢Ã¢â ¬ compensation associated with employees who smoke. According to Richard (1991, pp.354) it has been estimated that approximately 6,000 American companies refuse to employ smokers, whether they smoke on job or not.Support for this PolicyAdvocates of this policy have put forward different rationalization for their support of this policy, some of which are deemed as truly valid, while some can b e thought of as dwelling on simplicities (England, 2012, pp.167).Harmful Effects of SmokingIn support of this policy, proponents have maintained that such policies send a strong message to employees and the wider community that smoking is harmful and therefore in the long discourages continued smoking or new cases of smoking. They also state that the policy gives the employee an incentive to quit smoking and that in the long run, it will save the employer money especially in the form of reduced health insurance (Shilling, 2013, pp.91). Proponents also claim that the policy will please and appeal to workers who are put off by the smell of cigarette smoke.Increased Worker ProductivityThis position has also been strengthened by research, whereby, according to Chapman (2008, pp.169), employees who smoke cost on average $3,396 more per year than non-smokers in the form of lost productivity, increased absenteeism, increased insurance costs and other related costs. For that reason, there exists an economic justification to target smokers.Higher Insurance CostsTo discourage smoking, employers have come up with various work policies. Some employers offer incentive programs to encourage employees to quit smoking such as paying for smoking cessation classes or offering a bonus (Repa, 2010, pp.232), others are imposing penalties on those who smoke by charging more for health care insurance, while others refused to hire smokers altogether by requiring nicotine testing as part of the pre-employment drug test (Shilling, 2013, pp.91).Opponents against the policyMost employers have taken this step of only hiring non-smokers and discouraging their current employees from smoking. However, this is a wrong approach for employers to be taking. Policies like these carry risks which may far outweigh the possible rewards (Bray, 2012, pp.367). Opposition and Disapproval for this policy has come heavily and strongly against such policies. This objection has been backed by the followin g reasons:Smokers need assistance not discriminationFirstly, according to Bray ( 2012, pp.368) to most people, smoking as a habit is an addiction and smokers need assistance in breaking their addiction. Therefore, they should not be excluded from the work place for as long as they are competent to do all that entails their job description. Not hiring smokers is not going to help smokers end their addiction. Addiction to nicotine has been recognized as a disability under human rights legislation. Therefore, it would be inappropriate and indecorous for an employer to probe a prospective employee about his or her smoking habits additionally, at any given time, 23%-75% of smokers want to quit smoking, and they need assistance and help to overcome it and not to be penalized. Franze (1999, pp.29) adds that targeting smokers at the workplace by refusing to hire them or consenting to them to smoke in the course of their working hours presents a number of human rights concerns.Not hiring smo kers amounts to discriminationSecondly, discrimination in any way is wrong and such policies at the work place are tantamount to Lifestyle discrimination. Repa (2010, pp.232) states that discrimination laws are designed to keep an employer from making employment-related decisions that disadvantage employers based on the categories that the state or local government find worthy of protection. It is illegal to discriminate when hiring, creating or applying policies, training, promoting, firing or laying off employees, or in any other terms and conditions of employment. It is not acceptable or ethical that a potential candidate for a position is ineligible because they smoke. The candidate may have excellent academic qualifications, a warm personality, a hard-working manner and people skills. These traits are more useful at the work place than a perception that as a smoker one will be a negative asset to the company.Not Hiring Smokers for Inflating Healthcare Costs is a too Simplistic ReasonThirdly, the decision to do away with smokers for the reason that they are responsible for inflating costs related to health care is too simplistic (England, 2012, pp.168). There exist other diseases and many healthy behaviors that also result in additional health care costs. For example, cancer and employees who engage in risky sports which may result to accidents or experience trauma routinely and burden the company with additional costs.Not Hiring Smokers Worsens th...
Saturday, May 16, 2020
The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1874 Words
ââ¬Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood and sorry I could not travel both.â⬠This is the first line of the opening stanza of Robert Frostââ¬â¢s poem, ââ¬Å"The Road Not Taken.â⬠The traveler in this story has been walking down a path and come to two diverging roads. Thus, creating a situation in which the traveler must make a decision. This poem is often misinterpreted by readers and critics. The poem is entertaining, but it is not as deep and profound as many people believe. I interpret the poem as a reflection of the uncertainties of life, but in a humorous way. Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874. He was named after the famous Confederate general, Robert E. Lee. Robert Lee Frost lived in San Francisco until he was eleven. At the age of eleven, his father died of tuberculosis, and Frost moved in with his paternal grandparents. Shortly after his fatherââ¬â¢s death, his family relocated to Lawrence, Massachusetts. Frost attended school at Lawrence High School and graduated in 1892. He graduated as class poet and shared co-valedictorian honors with his current girlfriend and future wife, Elinor White. After high school, he attended Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. It was there that he got a job as a newspaper reporter. Frost was recognized for his literary talent in 1894 when he published his first poem, ââ¬Å"My Butterflyâ⬠which earned him $15. After this poem was published in New York Independent, he made a copy to show his fiancà ©e Elinor. Her reactionShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words à |à 4 PagesThe poem ââ¬Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedyââ¬â¢s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robertââ¬â¢s popularity was gained throughout Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frostââ¬â¢s Poem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poetRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words à |à 3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠deals with about mak ing choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words à |à 5 PagesRobert Frost, one of Americaââ¬â¢s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in todayââ¬â¢s society. After being honoured on numerous occasions, he became one of Americaââ¬â¢s most popular public figures. Frostsââ¬â¢ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculosis at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words à |à 4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠, Robert Frost, 1916. In ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words à |à 5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself ââ¬Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. ââ¬Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Poem, ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a personââ¬â¢s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devices. The title of this poem canRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost968 Words à |à 4 PagesPersonal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ââ¬ËThe Road Not Takenââ¬â¢ by Robert Frost is about the ââ¬Å"roadsâ⬠and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we makeRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words à |à 4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesnââ¬â¢t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words à |à 5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry ââ¬Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdomâ⬠¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of lifeââ¬ânot necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusionâ⬠(931). His poem ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of ââ¬Å"The Road Not Takenâ⬠and consid er how these elements work together to fit the authorââ¬â¢s purpose and clarification
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
It Management It Career Development Essay - 2187 Words
IT MANAGEMENT ââ¬â IT CAREER DEVELOPMENT ITEC7.450 ASSESSMENT 1 PROJECT OWNERS: NAN LI JAYSON LAVITAG DATE: 15 MAY 2015 Contents Part 1: INTRODUCTION 3 Topic 3 Self-introduction | Nan Li 3 Self-introduction | Jayson Lavitag 3 Desired IT career pathway 3 Part 2: BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE TOPIC 4 Description of the topic 4 IT Management within an organization 4 Career development within Business or IT 5 Part 3: PROGRESSION AND HISTORY 6 Utilization of IT by organizations 6 Part 4: IT ISSUES AND GROWTH 8 Emerging ââ¬Å"Top IS Issuesâ⬠for CIOââ¬â¢s 8 How does career development fit into the stages of it growth? 9 Critical success factors 9 Part 5: STRATEGY 10 IT Strategic Plan 10 References 11 PART 1: INTRODUCTION TOPIC IT Career Development SELF-INTRODUCTION | NAN LI I have a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree in Information Technology. I have 2 years of work experience in software development as a programmer in developing car navigation system using C++. The Graduate Diploma in IT will improve my skills in software development. It will also help me learn more about management in the IT area and help me develop my career from a programmer to an IT manager. SELF-INTRODUCTION | JAYSON LAVITAG Bachelorââ¬â¢s degree in Business Administration, major in Business Management. My current work experience is with internet media and customer experience management. I also have experience in the travel industry, transport industry, as well as human resources. The Graduate Diploma in IT will align my workShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Management And Career Development1521 Words à |à 7 PagesDuring the team project I have learned that succession management and career development are effective tools for retaining high performing employees, which adds on to the effective talent management process. Some of the components I learned that are important to effective talent management are recruitment, retention, professional development, leadership or high potential development, performance management, feedback or measurement, workforce planning, and culture (Phillips Gully, 2014). TeamworkRead MoreCareer Development And Management By Dr. Robert Morris1812 Words à |à 8 Pages Multi-Generational Workforce Jeffrey A. Butz Wayland Baptist University, San Antonio August 4th, 2015 Author Note This paper was prepared for MGMT 5344-SA01, Career Development and Management, Taught by Dr. Robert Morris The current workforce within an organization can be divided into four distinct groups which are identified by generations. People who make up these generations have similar values, attitudes, and beliefs separate from each group. With these different sets ofRead MoreHuman Resource Management Interventions: Career Planning and Development, Workforce Diversity, and Employee Stress and Wellness.4744 Words à |à 19 Pagesresource management interventions: career planning and development, workforce diversity, and employee stress and wellness. A Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of MBA program of IIPM, NEW DELHI. Under the Sincere Guidance Of SUBHASH GUPTA BY T V SAMRAT GUPTA SEC- SF4 Roll no: 58 ISBE-A/SS (2010-12) Contents INTRODUCTION 3 CARRIER PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS 3 CAREER STAGES 4 CAREER PLANNING 6 CAREER DEVELOPMENT 8 CARRIER DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONSRead MoreCareer Advancement At Malaysian Private Universities Essay987 Words à |à 4 Pagesof academicsââ¬â¢ career advancement at Malaysian private universities. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35(6), 589-605. 4. Aryee, S. and Chen, Z.X. (2004). ââ¬ËCountering the trend towards a careerist orientation in the age of downsizing: test of a social exchange modelââ¬â¢. Journal of Business Research, 57: 4, 321ââ¬â328. Available at: http://nist.gov/mep/upload/Bridging-the-Skills-Gap_2012.pdf. [Accessed 12 December 2015]. 5. Bambacas, M. (2010). Organizational handling of careers influences managersââ¬â¢Read MoreCareer Management : Career Goals1705 Words à |à 7 Pages Introduction According to dictionary.com Career management is the life long, self monitored process of career planning that involves choosing and setting personal goals, and formulating strategies for achieving them. The first step in the process of career management is identifying the vision that you have for your career and what you will need to do to get there. Through the process of career management, one must began to do some soul searching to have a clear understanding of their interest, valuesRead MoreErfa1044 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. I No. 1 Dec. 2004 Human Resource Management: Career Development Dhruba Kumar Budhathoki* ABSTRACT This paper mainly emphasizes on career development which is gaining much importance in recent times in order to retain skilled, competent and result oriented people in the organization. This paper invites special attention in this area of organizations. PEOPLE ARE THE SOURCES of all productive effort in organizations. Organizational Read MoreEmployee Training and Career Development Essay1296 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Training and development are important factors to the success of any organization. Each employee is a valuable asset that can either add to the success a company or contribute to its failure. Training supports and makes possible the development of new skills and knowledge. Offering training for employees at various levels within an organization assist employees develop the necessary skills and proficiency to be successful in their careers as well as prepare for new responsibilitiesRead MoreTraining Needs Assessment, Evaluation, Success, And Organizational Strategy And Effectiveness1035 Words à |à 5 PagesAn exploration of the relationships. (Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University. Logan, UT). 2. Appelbaum, S.H., Ayre, H. Shapiro, B.T. (2002). Career management in information technology: A case study. Career Development International, 7(3), 142-158. 3. Arokiasamy, L., Ismail, M., Ahmad, A. Othman, J. (2011). Predictors of academicsââ¬â¢ career advancement at Malaysian private universities. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35(6), 589-605. 4. Aryee, S. and Chen, Z.X. (2004). ââ¬ËCounteringRead MoreSpending Time With Your Employees On Career Development Essay1679 Words à |à 7 PagesTime with Your Employees on Career Development In beginning the first chapter of the book, Guan et al. (2016) ask the reader whether they are spending time with their employees, and if they are, how much. Research findings by Milgram (2011) state that the median time for the management to spend time with their employees is three hours. In essence, that is half of six hours, which is the optimal time for the engagement of the employees. Despite the leadership of the management, spending time with employeesRead MoreEmployee Training and Development Essay1084 Words à |à 5 PagesEmployee Training and Career Development The objective of organizational development is to increase the long-term health and performance of the company while inspiring the lives of its employees. The emphasis is on organizational culture that influences the way people work, by removing obstacles and increasing motivation, where there is culture of continual improvement and part of everyday life. Training and organizational development empowers individual employees and leaders, and aligns shared
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Ethics on abortion Essay Example For Students
Ethics on abortion Essay Abortion from an ethical point of view ââ¬Å" Describe and evaluate any two contrasting theoretical approaches to the moral debate of abortion.â⬠* * * It is widely accepted that the fact of abortion has been a subject of conversation and controversy for many decades. Since the proportion of people who accept abortion as a ââ¬Ënormalââ¬â¢ procedure is equal to the proportion of those who think of abortion as a ââ¬Ëcrimeââ¬â¢, through time a lot of measurements have been taken against abortion but concerning itââ¬â¢s defense as well. Although the fact of abortion has been examined through itââ¬â¢s scientific and religious side, in this assignment we will try and examine abortion from an ethical point of view. The best way for someone to refer to abortion on an ethical basis would probably be through the description and evaluation of the subject based on two of the most known theoretical approaches: those of Kantââ¬â¢s and of Utilitarianism (Act and Rule). Be ginning with the approach of Utilitarianism, we must say that Utilitarianism, is concerned basically with pleasure and with pain. Therefore someone should be concerned with the amounts of pleasure and pain in situations where abortion is permitted as contrasted with the amounts of pleasure and pain where abortion is forbidden. It might be suggested that the main consideration would be the interests of the fetus: not only can its future life be expectedly happy (or at least having a balance of happiness over suffering) it might also be the case that the abortion itself is painful, particularly if it occurs later in the pregnancy. However this focus on the fetus is unwarranted since any suffering involved in the abortion itself can be avoided by simply aborting the pregnancy sooner (before the fetus has even developed the capability of suffering), or with painless techniques. The direct suffering of the fetus can therefore be no argument against abortion generally, only the bad practi ce of it. A more significant consideration exists if we hypothesize that the future life of the fetus involves a probable balance of happiness over suffering for the fetus. This would seem to be a definite point against abortion, though not, a dominant one. The second party that we should consider are the parents and other family, and guardians if the alternative to abortion is adoption. According to some studies, having a baby appears to decrease the happiness in a relationship even in those cases where the pregnancy is desired. But again, this need not be considered too much, it is not a dominant consideration. As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of the act in question turns mainly not on the effects of the act on the agent, nor on the beings directly affected by the act, but on the less direct effects on the community at large. That means that the issue of abortion actually becomes one of the desirability of increasing or decreasin g the population. Given that there must be some population size that can be regarded as the ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠size, if we are allowed to place it this way for a society, it is clear that Utility will ban new births above this amount while below this population size Utility will prescribe reproduction. So the utilitarian, who suggests that the future happiness of the child, combined with the estimated value of the effects on others, is such that Utility opposes abortion, must admit that this would imply that Utility prescribes an increase in population and that this would apply to anyone capable of producing a child. So Utility is generally against abortion only when it is generally for raising the population. In terms of utility, the actual act of abortion is not a particularly significant one. A brief mention must be made of why it is that the relative effects on the community at large are dominant in this issue, and why the other considerations are not. It must be remembered t hat the raising of a child in a modern developed country has a very large cost in financial terms, which is highly significant. It is well known that the amount required to raise one child in .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .postImageUrl , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:hover , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:visited , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:active { border:0!important; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:active , .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755 .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1a78f12b121e869b5d6476429888755:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Practical Applications of Statistics Essay
Friday, April 17, 2020
Wells, H.G. The Time Machine Essays - The Time Machine, Morlock
Wells, H.G.: The Time Machine The Time Machine Herbert George Wells was born in 1866 in Bromley, Kent, a few miles from London, the son of a house-maid and gardener. Wells died in 1946, a wealthy and famous author, having seen science fiction become a recognized literary form and having seen the world realize some of science fiction's fondest dreams and worst fears. Wells mother attempted to find him a safe occupation as a draper or chemist. Wells had a quick mind and a good memory that enabled him to pass subjects by examination and win a scholarship to the Normal School of Science, where he stayed for three years and, most importantly, was exposed to biology under the famous Thomas H. Huxley. Wells went into teaching and writing text books and articles for the magazines that were of that time. In 1894 he began to write science-fiction stories. -James Gunn Wells vision of the future, with its troglodytic Morlocks descended from the working class of his day and the pretty but helpless Eloi devolved from the leisure class, may seem antiquated political theory. It emerged out of the concern for social justice that drew Wells to the Fabian Society and inspired much of his later writing, but time has not dimmed the fascination of the situation and the horror of the imagery. The Time Machine brought these concerns into his fiction. It, too, involved the future, but a future imagined with greater realism and in greater detail than earlier stories of the future. It also introduced, for the first time in fiction, the notion of a machine for traveling in time. In this novel the Time Machine by H. G. Wells, starts with the time traveler trying to persuade his guest's the theory of the fourth dimension and even the invention. He tries to explain the fourth dimension before he shows them the time machine so they don't think of him as a magician. H. G. Wells uses details about the fourth dimension to teach the reader the theory about it to capture your attention. Also Wells character the time traveler says "Scientific people", "Know very well that time is only a kind of space". In this quote he is clearly using persuasion tactics. He tries to attack there consious by saying that, scientific people know that this is only a kind of space. He says this in hopes that they will believe what he says just because other intelligent people believe the theory. This is a very primitive but still an effective way to try to persuade people. The idea is "because many people believe it, so it must be true". The people he is trying to persuade are of 19th century thinking and well to do people and they are competitive amongst other well to do people so if other rich and intelligent people believe this fourth dimension theory so the time traveler hopes this will motivate them to learn about it. The Characters in the book Time Machine are The time traveler, Filby, the psychologist, and the provincial mayor. Later the silent man and the editor come in to play. Filby is described as "an argumentative person with red hair". He has another label that Wells puts on him; he call him the "young man". The psychologist also has another label; he is "the medical man". The time traveler is described briefly when the group of intellects head down the corridor to the laboratory. He uses "his queer broad head in silhouette." When the arrive at the machine's location it is described as "Parts were made of nickel, parts of ivory, parts had certainly been filed or sawn out of rock crystal". He probably chose these characters as witnesses because they hold higher education and people would believe them from there reputations. The psychologist would be beneficiary in convincing the other that its not a hoax because he is aware of human behavior. The provincial mayor is also an intelligent man and the people elected him so if he is to believe that this works then many people would follow him. Filby is another character but never talks about his standing in society it could be his friend because he did wink at the
Friday, March 13, 2020
Thier Eyes Were Watching God essays
Thier Eyes Were Watching God essays Janie Crawford, the main character of Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, was an unusually independent woman as compared to the women of her time. The main plot of Janie's story comes from her life, which is permeated by her men. Though she evolved into an independent woman, Janie was married three times and didnt truly find love until she married her last husband. During her life Janies husbands: Logan Killicks, The Honorable Joe Starks and Tea Cake Woods became her lessons and her legacy; they were her men. Although the novel does not go into deep detail about the first man in Janies life, her life began with disaster through her father. His name is not given but it is noted that he was a white man (the school teacher) who raped her mother, Leafy. Ergo, Janie was raised by her grandmother (Nanny) with no real man in her life as she grew up. However her grandmother tried to raise her to get a good husband. The second man in Janies life was really the first physical encounter, though there was no major interaction between the two. Johnny Taylor was a young neighborhood man that steals a kiss from young Janie. As she enjoys the kiss and is just about to develop an initial opinion about men, Nanny walks in and catches Janie in the act. This incident will be an unfortunate prediction of her life. As with all of her men, just as things are going to progress to a stage of pleasantries and tolerance, the men are gone. This first real man in Janies life is Logan Killicks. Logan, her first husband was a farmer. This marriage was arranged by Nanny to ensure that her granddaughter would be well taken care of for life. Nanny didnt realize that the come-as-it-may lifestyle that she allowed to live would seriously conflict with the life of a farm wife. Logan expected Janie to be the perfect wife and farm hand ...
Wednesday, February 26, 2020
Background on non-invasive blood rheology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Background on non-invasive blood rheology - Essay Example (1) In rheology the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid remains constant as shear rate is proportional to shear stress. However, in a non-Newtonian fluid viscosity is not constant as shear rate and shear stress are not proportional. The plasma constituent of blood is a Newtonian fluid, while whole blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, because orientation and deformation of red blood cells result in changes of apparent viscosity at different shear rates. It is this aspect of blood and its constituents that relevant to clinical investigations. (1) Sedimentation is the rate at which the red blood cells separate from the blood plasma over time in clinical testing of blood. It is better known as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high ESR is indicative of inflammation in the human body. Normal values are 5-15mm/hr, depending on the technique employed. Viscosity may be considered as the internal resistance of blood to shear forces. The normal values for blood viscosity vary depending upon the techniques employed in its evaluation. Higher blood viscosity is indicative of inflammation. Blood viscosity for a given shear value is dependent on the hematocrit value, plasma viscosity, ESR and rheological properties. The higher these values over normal, the higher are the blood viscosity rates over normal. (1). Changes in blood composition occur due to several diseases and conditions, which include anemia, malnutrition and dehydration, leukemia, heart failure, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and blood loss due to trauma or surgery. Several blood tests play a role in the determination of these diseases and conditions and in tracking the efficiency of the intervention strategies. This is reason why blood tests are the normal experience during the initial clinical investigations and during the course of the treatment. (1). Anemia is a common condition that results from the deficiency in red blood cells, which is
Monday, February 10, 2020
Erikson's theory on child development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Erikson's theory on child development - Essay Example mas in the egoââ¬â¢s relations with the family and larger social institutions at significant points in childhood, adolescence, and early, middle and late adulthood (Sadock et al, 2007). The different aspects of child development identified by Erikson (1963) are: biological, social and individual. Eriksonââ¬â¢s most important contribution to psychology is his demarcation of the eight psychosocial stages represented by the eight ages constituting the life span of an individual. An individualââ¬â¢s identity is related to each stage of the lifecycle. During adolescence a conflict between identity and role confusion can arise. Ego development occurs through the stages of the life span, and is part of a childââ¬â¢s evolution into adolescence. As a student of Freud, Erikson took a unique perspective on Freudââ¬â¢s work, incorporated Freudââ¬â¢s primary assumptions, and broadened the network of factors considered responsible for influencing development. He extended Freudian psychoanalytic theory to focus on the ego as the fundamental component in an individualââ¬â¢s functioning. Eriksonââ¬â¢s (1963) psychosocial theory of personality development is similar to Freudââ¬â¢s psychosexual theory of development with its emphasis on instinctual energy as a determining life force (Sadock et al, 2007). Freudââ¬â¢s viewpoint was that the most important determinants of development occurred during early childhood, but on the other hand Erikson believed that the most important development came later, and that development continued through the lifespan: from childhood till the last stage of life. Other differences between Freud and Eriksonââ¬â¢s theories is that: Erikson does not stress on unconscious motives or desires, and he based his ideas on analyses of the functioning of healthy people, whereas Freud studied individuals being treated for mental health problems. Erikson considered key social interactions at each stage of development to be very important. Though he agreed that biological unfolding was
Thursday, January 30, 2020
A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have Essay Example for Free
A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have Essay The American President represents much more than an institution. To people around the world he is representative of their hopes and fears for the future and is the focus of intense feelings and emotions. The voting process represents an extremely significant period in American politics where US citizens vote for their President. Their votes are reflective not only of the candidate they like and respect the most, but are also an indication of the person that they predict will be the most effective once in office. Despite this, their decisions are based on the candidateââ¬â¢s performance prior to, and during, the election process. This performance that may not necessarily be a good indication of their actual ability to run the country; the qualities needed to become a President are very different from those required to be a successful President once in office. This paper will address the attributes that are commonly cited as being necessary for someone to become a President and will dispute a number of these, offering the opinion that they are not necessarily the correct basis on which judgments should be made. See more:à Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay The skills and methods by which an elective may become a President are explored and will be compared to those that are actually required and valued once in office. In the United States the absence of a monarchy entails that the President often becomes the object for nationalistic or monarchical type sentiments that people in countries like England would direct at their Queen. The President is undoubtedly the most important figure in the US and holds several roles including Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Head of the National Party and Chief Legislator. However, like the Queen in England, his supreme court have opposing powers to him and thus limit his ability to carry out some of his roles. Many people recognize one of the most important attributes for a Presidential candidate to be is a good, strong decision maker with a clear vision and direction. Candidates often use the election process to discuss problems that are evident in the way in which the country is currently being run and make willful claims as to how they would do things differently. They swear that they will have the backbone to take decisions that Presidents before them have failed to take. These type of statements appeal to the American public as they provide hope for a better future and an expectation that things will change for the better. The truth, however, is very different. Congressmen have their own electorate, interest groups and opinions on how the country should be run. The President is actually very limited in his ability to command congress to do anything and thus, the implementation of his decisions is actually a very difficult thing to achieve. What is, perhaps, more important than an ability to make decisions is an ability to persuade and influence others. If you ask people if they would vote for someone who uses strong powers of persuasion to sway their vote they would probably say no, they would prefer to vote for some who have a strong direction and vision. They wouldnââ¬â¢t like to feel that clever vocabulary or some type of sales approach has influenced them. No, they prefer to consider themselves people who have made a good decision based on the facts. The truth, however, that they probably were persuaded and swayed during part of the election process. This is not such a bad thing. The ability to persuade others is crucial to a successful President as he needs to be capable, through whatever means necessary, to convince others to carry out the decisions he makes. It is therefore clear that, whilst a clear vision and direction is important, what is more important both in gaining the role and completing it successfully is an ability to persuade and influence. The person who manages to influence others will do the better job, once in power it will help him get things done and in becoming President it will help him win. A further attribute that the American public will look for when selecting a Presidential candidate is a consistency of purpose. People want a President who will have courage to commit to their course of action and achieve the plans they lay out during the electoral process. However, again this may not be an attribute that delivers success once a candidate is in power and we often see very different expectations of the President. President George Bush can be cited as a prime example of this. George Bush was clear and strong in his plan to rid Iraq of Saddam Hussain, so much so that he took the United States to war. However, he later faced a great deal of criticism for his actions and many camps argue that he should have admitted he was wrong and should withdraw US troops from the US. His commitment to action was no longer valued. This paper is not intended to debate this point and pass judgment on George Bushââ¬â¢s actions but is using this example to show that the attributes that people may look for when selecting a President; consistency and relentless purpose may not always be what they expect once they are in power. An attribute that features heavily in peopleââ¬â¢s decision when selecting a President is realism, they like a family man whose values and emotions may seem to reflect their own. They want to feel that their President, as much as possible, has the same feelings and fears that they do and will thus act in a way that is in their interests. Whether appropriate or not, the past and present personal life of a Presidential candidate features heavily during the election process and people look for someone who has lived their life in a good and true manner. Whilst such attributes provide an indication of a personââ¬â¢s character and may be seen to represent the way in which they will behave once they are in power, they are not necessarily what people look for once their President are in power. They are more concerned with a personââ¬â¢s ability to cut themselves off emotionally from any decisions they make, distancing themselves from a situation in order to look at a bigger picture. The phrase ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t mix business with pleasureâ⬠could not be more appropriate for a President in power. Once in the Whitehouse people consider the figurehead to be an American institution; he works for them. Personal life is no longer to be considered to be of relevance and, in many respects; they do not wish a President to show feelings as these can be construed as a weakness. Other commonly cited attributes that people discuss when they are asked what they look for in a President include honesty, integrity, leadership and intelligence. These types of attributes entail that the opinions people form of candidates prior to their election, and thus the benchmark against which they are judged once they are elected, can never be met; they are all extremely subjective values. A candidate who is elected as a new President, a replacement for the incumbent, will always be heralded as the next big thing. The nation will feel strong hope for the future of America and will truly believe that things will change for the better. However, the likelihood is that these expectations can never really be met. Time will change the position that the President occupies in peopleââ¬â¢s minds; what people perceive as good leadership now will almost certainly change over the course of the four years between elections. As such, these attributes cannot accurately be used as representations of how well a candidate will perform once in office. This paper has addressed a number of the common attributes that people cite as important within a Presidential candidate. Through exploring the difference between winning an election and actually running a country, the flawed nature of the factors upon which many votes are cast is revealed. Whilst people recognize they are voting for someone who will run their country, they rarely seem to consider the attributes that will be valued in this role, instead focusing on those required to get there. Fighting a Presidential campaign is very different from being a President. Along these lines more emphasis should be placed on attributes such as attention to military threats and needs, the economy and American interests, both at home and abroad.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart â⬠Finding Unoka in the Mirror :: Things Fall Apart Essays
Things Fall Apart ââ¬â Finding Unoka in the Mirror I wish I could say that the character Okonkwo, in the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, is very similar to myself, but I would be lying. Okonkwo is filled with many admirable traits: drive, ambition, goals, and his ability to overcome through his constant productivity. Okonkwo had the determination to become a great man, and even with the odds against him, he succeeded. ââ¬Å"With a father like Unoka, Okonkwo did not have the start in life which many young men had. He neither inherited a barn nor a title, or even a young wife. But in spite of these disadvantages, he had begun even in his fatherââ¬â¢s lifetime to lay the foundations of a prosperous futureâ⬠(18). Most of his accomplishments were despite his father, whom Okonkwo loathed, but with whom I connected. In the novel, I relate more to Okonkwoââ¬â¢s father, Unoka, a much more laid back character. Like Unoka, I am in love with life, lazy, not worried about tomorrow, and deeply in debt. Unoka had a great appreciation for the moment. For instance, ââ¬Å"he loved this season of the year, when the rains had stopped and the sun rose every morning with dazzling beauty. And it was not too hot eitherâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (5). Such a description makes me want to lay down drowsy in the grass and enjoy the beauty of the day, for as Unoka ââ¬Å"loved it allâ⬠(5), I too love it all (5)! What I would give for another summer day to simply nap, sprawled on my stomach in the grass of my back yard, feeling the warmth of the sun and security of a newborn napping in its motherââ¬â¢s arms. How deeply do I love these moments of drowsiness and warmth nature supplies her children. I imagine Unoka had similar experiences through playing the flute. ââ¬Å"He was very good on his flute, and his happiest moments were the two or three moons after the harvest when the village musicians brought down their instruments, hung above the fireplace. Unoka would play with them, his face beaming wit h blessedness and peaceâ⬠(4). Unoka and I enjoy the simple things life has to offer. Perhaps this appreciation is rooted in our struggle against society, one which demands the focus of our lives to lie beyond the setting sun. However, there must come a day when you ask yourself, will I even be alive tomorrow?
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Romeo and Juliet Persuasive
Who Truly is to Blame? Choosing between telling the truth and keeping a secret are both hard decisions to make. In the play, Romeo and Juliet, these decisions can make or break a situation. The play is all about secrets kept and truths to be told, which end up causing the death of the star-crossed lovers. The story between the two lovers is that their affection for one another is a secret to each opposing houses. Was the secret worth keeping? As some characters helped disguise the love, others couldnââ¬â¢t keep it a secret.Romeo and Juliet were betrayed by a close friend who made plans that ended up fraudulent to both Romeo & Juliet, when the real job was to keep the love alive. Friar Lawrence is the definite reason for the deaths of the ill-fated lovers. Friar Lawrence was a helpful attribute to the secreted love affair. As he married Romeo & Juliet, he passionately supported their decision. ââ¬Å"You shall not stay alone, till holy church incorporate two in oneâ⬠(8 41). Friar gave true evidence to him supporting the marriage. If Friar had not thought he could keep the marriage a secret, why would he have performed the ceremony?If Friar had not supported the secret and prevented the love from occurring, the deaths of the paramours could have been prohibited. Friar Lawrence performing the ceremony just goes to show he did not put in mind what could happen to the safety of Romeo & Juliet. Friar Lawrence seemed to have a plan for Romeo to return back to his love. ââ¬Å"Ascend to her chamber, hence and comfort her. But look thou shalt live till we can find a time to blaze you marriage, reconcile your friends, beg pardon of the prince, and call thee back with twenty hundred thousand times more joy than thou wentââ¬â¢st forth in laminationâ⬠(863).Briefly, Friar showed his full plan for presenting Romeo & Julietââ¬â¢s marriage to both the Capulet and Montague houses. In general, Friar should have either never agreed to the marriage or should have kept it a secret from everyone to prevent Romeoââ¬â¢s sudden banishment and Julietââ¬â¢s heartbreak. Friarââ¬â¢s plan did not help as went planned, it damaged the situation. Therefore, Friar Lawrence contributed another reason why he is responsible for the death of Romeo & Juliet. Numerous people believe that Friar Lawrence was at the helm for the quietus of Romeo & Juliet, while others have a difference of opinion.People have confidence that Lord Capulet is to charge for the deaths. Capulet allegedly forced marriage upon Juliet causing her dejection. Also, Lord Capulet did not support Julietââ¬â¢s decision to not marry Paris, being that he would disown his own pride and joy if she had chosen not to wed. Capuletââ¬â¢s dynamic ways made abounding people believe that he was the clue behind the deaths. However, Julietââ¬â¢s father did attempt to postpone the exchange of vows to County Paris until he assumed Juliet was matured and prepared for t he burden of marriage.As stated, ââ¬Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world, she hath not seen change for fourteen years; Let two more summers wither in their pride, ere we may think her ripe to be a brideâ⬠(769). For that matter, Capulet only tried to be a virtuous father and do what was best for his daughter, but easily letting pressure and royalty run his decisions. On the other hand, Friar Lawrence was secretive and unfaithful as a priest and close friend. Friar tried to repair every problem which in the end made nobody happy. Both the Montagues and Capulets have lost their beloveds from a far past feud.Was it all worth losing? Friar was censurable for the loss of Romeo & Juliet. To summarize, Friar Lawrence was 100% at fault for the deaths of Romeo & Juliet. Between his poorly thought out plans, the pain he caused Verona, and how untruthful he was as a priest, he, in fact, let down Romeo & Juliet. He may have wanted the best for everyone and to make all hap py, but he caused more problems than solutions. Consequently, all of the facts I have stated are tantamount to why Friar Lawrence is to blame for the unfortunate events.
Monday, January 6, 2020
The Third Voyage of Christopher Columbus
After his famous 1492 voyage of discovery, Christopher Columbus was commissioned to return a second time, which he did with a large-scale colonization effort which departed from Spain in 1493. Although the second journey had many problems, it was considered successful because a settlement was founded: it would eventually become Santo Domingo, capital of the present-day Dominican Republic. Columbus served as governor during his stay in the islands. The settlement needed supplies, however, so Columbus returned to Spain in 1496. Preparations for the Third Voyage Columbus reported to the crown upon his return from the New World. He was dismayed to learn that his patrons, Ferdinand and Isabella, would not allow the taking of slaves in the newly discovered lands. As he had found little gold or precious commodities for which to trade, he had been counting on selling native slaves to make his voyages lucrative. The King and Queen of Spain allowed Columbus to organize a third trip to the New World with the goal of resupplying the colonists and continuing the search for a new trade route to the Orient. The Fleet Splits Upon departure from Spain in May of 1498, Columbus split his fleet of six ships: three would make for Hispaniola immediately to bring desperately needed supplies, while the other three would aim for points south of the already explored Caribbean to search for more land and perhaps even the route to the Orient that Columbus still believed to be there. Columbus himself captained the latter ships, being at heart an explorer and not a governor. Doldrums and Trinidad Columbusââ¬â¢ bad luck on the third voyage began almost immediately. After making slow progress from Spain, his fleet hit the doldrums, which is a calm, hot stretch of ocean with little or no wind. Columbus and his men spent several days battling heat and thirst with no wind to propel their ships. After a while, the wind returned and they were able to continue. Columbus veered to the north, because the ships were low on water and he wanted to resupply in the familiar Caribbean. On July 31, they sighted an island, which Columbus named Trinidad. They were able to resupply there and continue exploring. Sighting South America For the first two weeks of Augustà 1498, Columbus and his small fleet explored the Gulf of Paria, which separates Trinidad from mainland South America. In the process of this exploration, they discovered the Island of Margarita as well as several smaller islands. They also discovered the mouth of the Orinoco River. Such a mighty freshwater river could only be found on a continent, not an island, and the increasingly religious Columbus concluded that he had found the site of the Garden of Eden. Columbus fell ill around this time and ordered the fleet to head to Hispaniola, which they reached on August 19. Back in Hispaniola In the roughly two years since Columbus had been gone, the settlement on Hispaniola had seen some rough times. Supplies and tempers were short and the vast wealth that Columbus had promised settlers while arranging the second voyage had failed to appear. Columbus had been a poor governor during his brief tenure (1494-1496) and the colonists were not happy to see him. The settlers complained bitterly, and Columbus had to hang a few of them in order to stabilize the situation. Realizing that he needed help governing the unruly and hungry settlers, Columbus sent to Spain for assistance. It was also here where Antonio de Montesinos is remembered to have given an impassioned and impactful sermon. Francisco de Bobadilla Responding to rumors of strife and poor governance on the part of Columbus and his brothers, the Spanish crown sent Francisco de Bobadilla to Hispaniola in 1500. Bobadilla was a nobleman and a knight of the Calatrava order, and he was given broad powers by the Spanish crown, superseding those of Colombus. The crown needed to rein in the unpredictable Colombus and his brothers, who in addition to being tyrannical governors were also suspected of improperly gathering wealth. In 2005, a document was found in the Spanish archives: it contains first-hand accounts of the abuses of Columbus and his brothers. Columbus Imprisoned Bobadilla arrived in August 1500, with 500 men and a handful of native slaves that Columbus had brought to Spain on a previous voyage: they were to be freed by royal decree. Bobadilla found the situation as bad as he had heard. Columbus and Bobadilla clashed: because there was little love for Columbus among the settlers, Bobadilla was able to clap him and his brothers in chains and throw them in a dungeon. In October 1500, the three Columbus brothers were sent back to Spain, still in shackles. From getting stuck in the doldrums to being shipped back to Spain as a prisoner, Columbusââ¬â¢ Third Voyage was a fiasco. Aftermath and Importance Back in Spain, Columbus was able to talk his way out of trouble: he and his brothers were freed after spending only a few weeks in prison. After the first voyage, Columbus had been granted a series of important titles and concessions. He was appointed Governor and Viceroy of the newly discovered lands and was given the title of Admiral, which would pass to his heirs. By 1500, the Spanish crown was beginning to regret this decision, as Columbus had proven to be a very poor governor and the lands he had discovered had the potential to be extremely lucrative. If the terms of his original contract were honored, the Columbus family would eventually siphon off a great deal of wealth from the crown. Although he was freed from prison and most of his lands and wealth were restored, this incident gave the crown the excuse they needed to strip Columbus of some of the costly concessions that they had originally agreed to. Gone were the positions of Governor and Viceroy and the profits were reduced as well. Columbusââ¬â¢ children later fought for the privileges conceded to Columbus with mixed success, and legal wrangling between the Spanish crown and the Columbus family over these rights would continue for some time. Columbusââ¬â¢ son Diego would eventually serve for a time as Governor of Hispaniola due to the terms of these agreements. The disaster that was the third voyage essentially brought to a close the Columbus Era in the New World. While other explorers, such as Amerigo Vespucci, believed that Columbus had found previously unknown lands, he stubbornly held to the claim that he had found the eastern edge of Asia and that he would soon find the markets of India, China, and Japan. Although many at court believed Columbus to be mad, he was able to put together a fourth voyage, which if anything was a bigger disaster than the third one. The fall of Columbus and his family in the New World created a power vacuum, and the King and Queen of Spain quickly filled it with Nicolà ¡s de Ovando, a Spanish nobleman who was appointed governor. Ovando was a cruel but effective governor who ruthlessly wiped out native settlements and continued the exploration of the New World, setting the stage for the Age of Conquest. Sources: Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2005.
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